Content
4 . 2011
Reviews

Carotenoids. Biological Activities

Abstract
The review provides data on the biological activities of the most prevalent carotenoids. Special attention is paid to theirs anticancer and antiatherogenic properties, immunomodulating action, cardioprotective, radioprotective and photoprotective effects.
Biochemistry of nutrition

Influence high-fat ration on plasma and erythrocyte lipids fatty acids of rats

Abstract
Study character of the redistribution of fatty acids between the lipid fraction of plasma and erythrocytes in rats with prolonged high-fat diet (30, 90, 180 days). Shown that at long high-fat rations in the lipids of erythrocytes decreasing pool polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic, dihomo-γ-linoleic, eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic), increases of saturated fatty acids (myristic, stearic) levels. In lipids fractions of plasma revealed the opposite direction of changes in the level of the fatty acids: the accumulation of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, reduction of saturated fatty acids. Supposedly, that high-fat diet promotes de novo compensatory synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but disturbed apoB-100 receptor-mediated active transport of fatty acids with low-density lipoproteins (LDL), synthesized in the liver fatty acids is not captured by the cells peripheral organs. Marker of the apoB-100 receptor breach of transfer low-density lipoprotein, transporting polyunsaturated fatty acids was to increase LDL cholesterol in serum.
Hygiene of nutrition

Sanitary and epidemiological examination of foods under carrying sanitary and epidemiological surveillance on the customer border and at in the territory of the Customers Union

Abstract
The article concerns peculiarities of sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic examination of foods under carrying of sanitary-epidemiologic surveillance on the customer border and of the custom territory of the Customers Union of the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Byelorussia.

Rated power of conscripts in the North

Abstract
The nutrition on alimentary and power value in the term active duty soldier on the North on norm № 1 (troop ration) approaches to calculated sizes (with the exception of fat deficiency) that allows to support the physical working capacity and the body mass index on high enough level. However insufficient content of vitamins (polyhypovitaminosis) in organisms of most of studied persons was revealed. The dynamics of change of nutrition status in the soldiers on the North during year shows essential dependence on the weather rigidity parameters and the seasonal factor.

Zero valent seleniumе nanoparticles bioavailability estimation in rats

Abstract
Bioavailability of zero valent selenium (Se) nanoparticles with average size 60 nm was measured in rats receiving selenium deficient diet. There was demonstrated that intragastric administration of Se nanoparticles resulted in dose-dependent increase of serum Se level, normalization of tissue thiol pools, immune status and hepatocytes apoptosis. Possibilities are discussed of Se nanoparticles use in nutrition as a source of this trace element.

Influence of freezing and storage on food value of berries of the red currant

Abstract
The red currant is perspective culture for use in industry functional pectin foodstuff. Freezing use as an effective way of conservation, allows to keep as much as possible vitamin properties of raw materials within all year and to expand assortment of fruit production.
Vitaminology

Effectiveness of use in preventive nutrition the food ptoducts with contents of pectin and vitamins

Abstract
Daily inclusion in the diet of Pskov GRES workers the drinks or kissels containing 2 g pectin per daily serving (cup) during 6 months was accompanied by a statistically significant decline of their supply with vitamins C, B2, A and β-carotene. This is reflected both in reducing the average vitamin concentration in blood serum and in the increase of the quota of people with deficiency of several vitamins. Additional inclusion of 13 vitamins in these drinks and kissels, in a dose about 80% of the RDA, has prevented the deterioration of vitamin status.

The effect of various levels of chitosan in rat diet on vitamins assimilation under their combined deficiency

Abstract
The effect of chitosan inclusion in the semi-synthetic diet of rats at a dose of 0,24 and 0,9% of dry weight on vitamin assimilation under combined moderate and deep deficiency has been studied. Four-week introduction of chitosan did not have a significant effect on levels of vitamins C, B1, B2 and A in the liver of animals, on vitamin B2 blood plasma concentration and thiamine and riboflavin urinary excretion regardless of the degree of vitamin deficiency intensity. The significantly decrease of vitamin E blood plasma concentration has been observed at high dose of chitosan in the diet under moderate vitamin deficiency, whereas under deep deficit such reduction has been detected even at a low dose. Thus, long-term chitosan inclusion in the diet under existing polyhypovitaminosis can lead to the deterioration of the sufficiency with fat-soluble vitamins.
Diet treatment

Influence of hypocaloric diet with addition of a vitaminmineral complex on status of patients with obesity 1st and 2nd degrees

Abstract
Addition of a vitamin-mineral complex (VMC) to a standard hypocaloric diet leads to a positive dynamics of antropometric characteristics in patients with obesity 1st and 2nd degrees which is comparable to effectiveness of standard dietotherapy (dietary treatment) traditionally used in complex treatment of obesity. Addition of 1,8 mg of vitamin B2 as part of VMC to a hypocaloric diet is shown to be inadequate in eradication of marginal provision of riboflavin when using diets reduced in calories.

Major risk factors of glucose metabolism abnormalities

Abstract
Using the data of population base study of adult residents of 2 districts of Moscow Region (2638 persons), prevalence is studied and influence on occurrence of glucose metabolism abnormalities of major risk factors is estimated. Influence of risk factors was estimated with Cox regression analyses. High prevalence undiagnosed glucose metabolism abnormalities among persons (24,9%) is taped; it is established that relative risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 significantly raised at persons is more than 50 years of age independently of BMI, at the same time first-degree obesity increased relative risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 in 4,3 times and third-degree obesity – in 9,0 times independently of age.
Child Nutrition

Breast hormones – regulators of energy homeostasis: growth of infants

Abstract
Studied the possible relationship between the growth rate of children who are breastfed, and the level of protein, fat, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin in breast milk. Examined 71 pair – a mother and a healthy child, who is breastfed. All infants were divided into 3 groups: low, normal and high weight gain. Daily breast milk intake, the level of fat, protein and hormones proteins – regulators of energy homeostasis (adiponectin, grelin, IGF-1 and leptin) in breast milk were measured at 1, 2 and 3 months of lactation. It was found that daily breast milk consumption was higher in the group of infants with high weight gain and the content of protein and fat in it did not differ in three groups. Total daily consumption of protein and fat with breast milk was higher in groups of infants with high weight gain. There was significantly higher IGF-1 level and the tendency to higher grelin level in breast milk of mothers of infants with higher weight gain. The possible link of breast milk hormones with growth velocity of breast-fed infants is discussed.
The system of quality control and food safety

Development of methods for determining acrylamide in food products by gas-liquid chromatography

Abstract
The method of determination of acrylamide in various food (milk powder, potato chips, instant coffee) by gas-liquid chromatography after pre-bromination was developed. Studies have shown the possibility of using bromination of acrylamide to give it the necessary properties for better extraction, purification and detection. Also revealed the possibility of qualitative and quantitative determine a acrylamide in food by gas-liquid chromatography with detection by electron capture detector.

Quantitative determination of soya protein in canned meat indirect immune-enzyme a method

Abstract
Description of sample preparation of bully, immune-enzyme analysis procedure and mathematical treatment of obtained results are presented. Metrological characteristics of the method are determined.

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Viktor A. Tutelyan
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Moscow, Russia)

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